NATO is deepening its longstanding partnership with Azerbaijan, signaling a new phase of enhanced cooperation in defense, security reforms, energy security, and regional stability in the South Caucasus and Black Sea region. This momentum was highlighted by the recent high-level visit of NATO Deputy Secretary General Radmila Shekerinska to Baku on January 21-22, 2026, where she met with key Azerbaijani officials, including Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov, Speaker of the Parliament Sahiba Gafarova, and Presidential Representative on Special Assignments Elchin Amirbayov.
A Solid Foundation of Partnership
Azerbaijan’s ties with NATO date back over three decades, beginning with its participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program in 1994. Since then, the relationship has evolved through practical cooperation in areas such as military interoperability, defense education, crisis management, cybersecurity, and contributions to international missions. Azerbaijan notably supported NATO-led operations in Afghanistan, providing transit routes and participating in peacekeeping efforts. It has also contributed to missions in Kosovo, showcasing its commitment to global security.
The partnership has emphasized mutual benefits: Azerbaijan modernizes its armed forces by aligning with NATO standards—often in close collaboration with Turkey—while the Alliance gains a reliable partner in a strategically vital region. NATO has praised Azerbaijan’s role in bolstering Europe’s energy independence, particularly through reliable gas exports that have helped NATO Allies reduce dependence on Russian supplies amid the ongoing war in Ukraine.
Key Outcomes from the Deputy Secretary General’s Visit
During her visit, Shekerinska underscored that NATO-Azerbaijan relations remain “on a solid track.” Discussions covered:
- Continued political dialogue and practical cooperation.
- Azerbaijan’s security and defense reforms.
- The normalization process between Armenia and Azerbaijan, with both sides noting the potential for peace to enhance stability across the South Caucasus and broader Euro-Atlantic area.
- NATO’s support for regional security in the Black Sea.
A major highlight was NATO’s commitment to finalize an Individually Tailored Partnership Programme (ITPP) with Azerbaijan. This multi-year framework will expand access to NATO initiatives, including defense education modernization, demining support, countering information threats, cybersecurity development, and enhanced contributions to NATO missions and operations.
Shekerinska also announced NATO’s appointment of a new Special Representative for the South Caucasus and Central Asia, who is expected to assume duties soon. This role will provide focused high-level support for Alliance engagement in the region, building on existing mechanisms like the NATO Liaison Office in Tbilisi.
Benefits to Azerbaijan: Modernization, Security, and Regional Leverage
For Azerbaijan, closer ties with NATO offer substantial advantages without pursuing full membership, aligning with its policy of non-alignment and balanced foreign relations.
The ITPP will provide tailored support for defense reforms, including access to advanced training, cybersecurity tools, and demining expertise—critical for post-conflict recovery in liberated territories.
Azerbaijan’s armed forces, already incorporating NATO standards through Turkish collaboration, will gain from interoperability exercises and shared combat experience from recent conflicts, enhancing their capabilities against asymmetric threats.
Economically, the partnership reinforces Azerbaijan’s role as a key energy supplier to Europe, boosting its geopolitical leverage and economic resilience.
It also supports regional stability, particularly through the ongoing peace process with Armenia, unlocking trade routes and fostering cooperation in the South Caucasus.
Overall, this collaboration allows Baku to modernize its military, secure international guarantees, and navigate complex regional dynamics while minimizing risks from neighbors.
Benefits to NATO: Strategic Depth and Energy Security
NATO stands to gain a dependable partner in a volatile region, extending its influence into the Caspian basin and countering adversarial powers.
Azerbaijan’s contributions to past missions, such as in Afghanistan and Kosovo, demonstrate its reliability, while its combat-proven forces offer valuable insights for NATO’s adaptation to modern warfare.
The Alliance benefits from diversified energy routes, reducing Europe’s vulnerability to Russian disruptions and enhancing overall Euro-Atlantic security.
Strategically, stronger ties with Azerbaijan provide NATO a buffer against Russian and Iranian influence, potentially enabling greater projection into Central Asia and the Black Sea.
This aligns with NATO’s broader goals of regional stability, as evidenced by its support for Armenia-Azerbaijan normalization, which could transform Eurasia by opening new trade corridors bypassing Russia and Iran.
Geopolitical Perspectives: Reactions from Key Players
The deepening NATO-Azerbaijan partnership occurs amid shifting regional dynamics, eliciting varied responses from neighbors.
Russia: Moscow views expanded NATO engagement in the South Caucasus with caution, as it could erode its traditional influence. Azerbaijan has carefully balanced its relations to avoid provoking Russia, maintaining non-alignment while pursuing NATO cooperation. However, analysts note that closer ties might strain bilateral relations, especially as Russia seeks to rebuild its role as a regional arbiter post the 2025 peace deal. Russia has been working to strengthen ties with both Baku and Yerevan, but NATO’s involvement is seen as a counterweight.
Iran: Tehran is wary of NATO’s growing footprint near its borders, given existing tensions with Azerbaijan over ethnic issues and regional rivalries. A stronger NATO-Azerbaijan axis could provide the Alliance with a 600-kilometer border adjacency to Iran, potentially heightening geopolitical pressures. Iran has expressed concerns over Western encirclement, viewing it as a threat alongside Russia’s. Yet, no direct escalatory responses have emerged from the recent visit, as Azerbaijan prioritizes balanced diplomacy.
Armenia: Yerevan has welcomed the broader regional stability fostered by NATO, particularly in supporting the Armenia-Azerbaijan peace process initialed in 2025. NATO officials emphasize that normalization benefits the entire South Caucasus, enabling economic cooperation and unblocking communications. Armenia’s shift toward pro-Western alignments has aligned with NATO’s interests, though some domestic voices express concerns over Azerbaijan’s military edge. Overall, the Alliance positions itself as a neutral supporter of peace, enhancing partnerships with both nations.
Broader Context and Strategic Significance
Azerbaijan’s balanced foreign policy—maintaining non-alignment while pursuing deep partnerships—has allowed it to strengthen ties with NATO without seeking full membership. Recent developments, including ongoing military modernization to NATO standards (often with Turkish assistance) and participation in programs like the Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) and Defense Education Enhancement Programme (DEEP), reflect this approach.
The timing aligns with regional shifts: progress in Armenia-Azerbaijan peace efforts, energy corridor projects, and efforts to diversify security partnerships amid global challenges. NATO values Azerbaijan’s contributions to energy security and regional stability, while Baku sees the Alliance as a key partner for defense reforms and interoperability.
This visit and the forthcoming ITPP represent tangible steps forward, reinforcing Azerbaijan as a valued, predictable partner in Euro-Atlantic security architecture. As the region evolves, sustained engagement could yield lasting benefits for all stakeholders, though careful navigation of geopolitical sensitivities remains essential.
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